MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS

MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS

A company often becomes involved in international trade by exchanging goods or services with another country-importing raw materials it may need for production or these trade relationship is the first step in the development of a multinational business.At stage,however,the corporation’s emphasis is still on the domestic market.As trade expands,the corporation’s dealings with companies or people outside the “home country”of that corporation increase.

The corporation then begins to view the whole world as a base for production and marketing operations.The next step in the development of a multinational business is focusing on the world market.The company may estabilishing a foreign assembly plant,engage in contract manufacturing,or build a foreigen manucturing company or subsidiary.Therefore,a multinational corporation is a company that is primarily based in one country and has production and marketing activities foreign countries.

Since World War II,multinational corporations have grown rapidly.The names and products of many of the multinational have become well-knownin the world marketplace:international Business machines(IBM),Royal Dutch shell,Panasonic,Coca-cola,and volkswagen.coca-cola,for example,now has operations in more then 180 countries.

A multinational corporations operates in a complex business environment.Cultural,social, economic,political,and technologi system vary from country to country.In order to operete successfully,a multinational company needs a basic understanding and appreciation of the foreign business environment.

A.Answer the following question about multinationals.Questions with asterisks(*)cannot be answered directly from the text.

1. What is the first step in the development of a multinational business?

2. Where is the company’s emphasis when it is simply trading with other countries?

3. What market does a multinational corporation focus on?

4. A company may estabilish its manufacturing operations in foreign countries what are

Three forms that these operations may take?

5. What is a multinational corporation?

6. When have multinational grown rapidly?*Why do you think they have experienced

Period of rapid growth?

7. *What are some products that are produced by the following multinational

Corporations:IBM,coca-cola,Panasonic,shell,and Volkswagen?

8. *Why does a multinational corporation operate in a more complex businnes

Environment than a domestic company?

9. *What are some of the social and political factors that can vary from country to

Country?

10. Why does a multinational corporation need a basic understanding of foreign

Business environments?*How can a multinational gain this understanding?

ANSWER:

1. The first step(it)is estabilishing the trade relation ship with another countri.
2. The companies emphasis(it)is still on the domestic market.
3. A multinational corporation (it)focuses on the world market.
4. The three forms(they)are:it may estabilish a foreign assembly plant,engange in contract manufacturing,and build a foreign manufacturing company or a subsidiary.
5. A multinational corporation(it)is a company that is primary bosed in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.
6. Multinationals(they)have grown rapidly since world II.Because during the war many countries knew what resources are scarce or abundant in outhor countries.
7. IBm business machine;rayal,dutch,shell;oil;Panasonic;electronic;coca-cola;soft drink;Volkswagen;auto mobils;
8. Because a multinational, corporation focuses on the world market,and each country has its own systems culturally;economic;political;and technologically where as a domestic company only operates in one coutry which its systems its already familiar.
9. Socially;in japan life time employment systems is applied,where as in Indonesia contract system employment is used,politically;Thailand is monarchism;Indonesia is domestic.
10. In order to operate successfully,this understanding can be gained throught market research.

tugas-tugas

KELOMPOK SATU

1. Distribuiton = The movement of goods oe services from the factory to

To the market place.

2. Sale = The exchange for a product or services for money.

3. Production = Creation of services or the changing or materials into

Product.

4. Goods = Production that pople erther need or wont,for example cars can

Be classicfield as goods.

5.Modren Business = The production.distribution,and sale of goods and

Services or provit.

6. services = Actibilites that aperson or group performs for another person or organization.

7. Traditional Business = The exchange or trade for thing people wanted or need.

8. Provit = Profit or economic surplus is the money that remaining

After all the expenses are paid.

KELOMPOK DUA

1. Accountant = A specialist in recording and interpreting financial

Information of company.

2. Book keeper = A specialis recording and keeping financial

Information.

3. Personal manager = The head of a manufacturing department in a company

4. General Manager = An employee who has the most responsibilities in

Company .

5. System anali = A specialist whose job is to analyze the programs for

The computer.

6. Computer operator = An employee whose job is to operete the mechane.

7. Computer programmer = A specialist whose job is to analyst the program for

For the computer.

8. Stok Broker = An accountant who receives fee for services.

KELOMPOK TIGA

1. Marketing = Goods or services that a company wants to sell.

2. Product = If the company charges for its products more than the

Average prices.

3. placement = Getting the products from manufacturer to coustemer.

4. Marketing Mix = The a mount of money that a company wants to

Charge for it products.

5. The Fourps = Communication a bout the products that takes.

TENSES

Pr = Present ,Ps = Past,S = Simple,C = Countinucus,F = Future,Pf = perfect

1. Pr.s = He write many latters everyday (hatitual action)

2. Ps.s = He wrote m.i. yesterday (occurred in the past)

3. Pr.c = He was writing m.i. now (is occurring right now)

4. Ps.s = He was writing m.i. when t it rained yesterday (two actions in the past)

5.Pr.f = He will write m.i. tomorrow (will happen in the future)

6.Ps.f = He would wrote m.i. yesterday,but the didn’n have time

7.Pr.pf = He has eritten m.i. already (has just happened now)

8.Ps.pf = He had written m.i. when it rained yesterday (two actions in the past)

9.Pr.fc = He will be writing m.i.when you visit him tomorrow (in the future)

10.Ps.fc = He would be writing m.i.whenyou visited him yesterday (in the past)

11.Pr.f pf = He will have written m.i.when you come tomorrow (in the futuring)

12.Ps.f pf = He would have written m.i.when you come yesterday (in the past)

13.Pr.pf c = He has been writing m.i.foe two days until now (in the past)

14.Ps.pf c = He had been writing m.i.for two days until yesterday (coninously from past to past)

15.Pr.f pfc = He will have been writing m.i.for two days until tomorrow (until in the future)

16.Pf.f pfc = He would have been writing m.i. for two days until yesterday (until in the past)

SINGULAR – PLURAL

Pronoun : I – we, you – you, he – she,it – they

Regular : book – books,party – parties,self – selves

Irregular : child – children,mouse –mice

Un cantable : water – water,news – news

Put the sentences into plural

Example : Achildren is a boy or girl

Children and boys or girls

QUESTION

1. A dog is an animals
2. A potato is a vegetables
3. He is a student
4. He is doing my homeherwork
5. He is studying
6. She her self writers the letter
7. A business consists of am operation
8. She performs a services by answering a question
9. What is the different between you and me
10. His friend is also my friend
11. The student has almost finished doing it
12. Has she ever been studying a broad
13. The carth a uake causes a great disaster
14. Does he understand the lesson
15. There is a boy and girls in the class

ANSWER

1.dogs are animals

2. Potaots are vegetables

3. They are students

4. We are doing our homework

5. They are studying

6. The them her self writer the letter

7. A business consist of operation

8. They services by answering question

9. What are they differencen between you and us

10. They friend also our friend

11.The student have almost finished doing it

12. Have they ever been studying a broad

13. The carthauake causes great distater.

14. Do they understand

15. They are boys and girls in the class

AN ACCOUNTING OVERVIEW

AN ACCOUNTING OVERVIEW

Accounting is frequently called the”language of business”because of its ability to communicate financial information about an organization.various interesred parties,such as managers,potential investors,crediators,and the government,depend on accompany’s accounting systems to help them make informed financial decisions.An effective accounting system,therefore,must include accurate the financial status of an organization.

In order to achieve a standardized system,theaccounting process follows accounting principles and rules.Regardless of the of business or the amount of money involved,common,procedures for handling and presenting finanacial information are used.incoming money (revenues) and outgoing money (expenditures) are carefulully monitored,and transaction are summarized in finacial statement,which reflect the major financial activities of an organization.

Two common financial statements are the balance sheet and the income statement.the balance sheet shows the finanacial position of a company at one point time,while the income statement shows the fianancial performance of a company over a period of time.Financail statement allow interested parties tocompare one organization.for example,an investor amy compare the most recent income statement of two corporations in order to find out which one would a better investment.

People who specialize in the field of accounting are known as accountnts.in the united states,accountants are usually classified as public,private,or governmental.public accountants work independently and provide accounting services such as auditing and tax computation to companies and individuals.public accountants may earn the title of CPA(Certified Public Accountant)by fulfilling rigorous requirements.private accountants work solely for private companies or corporations that hire them to maintain financial records,and governmental accountants work for governmental agencies or bereaus.both private and governmental accontants are paid on a salary basis,whereas public accountants receive fees their services.

Throught effective application of commonly accepted accounting systems,private,public,and governmental accountants provide accurate and timely financial information that is necessary for organitational decision-making.

A.Answer the following question about accounting.Questions with asterisks cannot be answer directly from the text.

1. Why is accounting called the “language of business”?
2. How is a standardized accounting systems achieved?
3. What are revenues and expenditures?
4. What do the balance sheet and the income statement have in common?How are they different?
5. *How might the information contained in financial statements be useful to managers?*How might creditors use this information?
6. How are accountats classified in the united states?
7. What kinds of services do public accountants provide?
8. What is a CPA?*do you have a similar type of position in your country?*Explain.
9. *Which type of accounting-public,private,or governmental-appeals to you the most?
10. *What are some management decisions that might be based on accounting information?

ANSWER:

1.Accouting is called the “language of business”because of its ability to communicate financial information about on organization.

2.In order to achieve a standardized accounting systems,the accounting process follow accounting principles and rules.

3. Revenues are incoming money expenditures are aoutgoing money.

4. The balance sheet and the income statement are two aommon financial statement they are different,the first shows the financial position of a company at one point of time,while the second shows the financial performance of a company over a perio of time.

5. The information contained in financial statements might be use to creditors.it helps them to find out whether the company will be able to repay crdit ontime or not.

6. In the unitd states accountants,are classifred as public,private,and governmental.

7. Public accountants provide accounting services such as auditing and text computation to companies and individuals.

8. A CPA is a certified public accountant. Yes we had formerly faculty of economics graduates of 5 elite universities god ‘Drs……..Ak’dogree.

9. Personal question

10. Some company fianancial decision makings moght be based on accounting information for example the management wont to expands its business to build a bigger factory to introduce new variety of goods.

perusahaan multinasyonal

perusahaan multinasyonal

suatu perusahaan sering menjadi terlibat dalam perdagangan internasyonal dengan tukar menukar barang
dan jasa dengan negara lain mengimport bahan baku yang mungkin dibutuhkan untuk memproduksi atau mengimport
barang jadi kepasar luar negri.pendirian barang dagang ini merupakan langkah awal perdagangan internasyonal namun
pada tingkat ini penekanan perusahaan masih pada pasar dalam negri seiiting dengan perkembanganya perdagangan ,hubungan perusahaan
dengan perusahaan2an atau orang2 di luar perusahaan itu meningkat.
kemudian perusahaan mulai memandang seluruh dunia sebagai tempat produksi dan operasi peasaran.langkah berikutnya dalam pengembangan perusahaan
multi nasyonal adalah pemusatan pada pasar dunia,perusahaan dapat mendirikan suatu pabrik perakitan diluar negi terdapat pejanjian manufakturing.
atau didirikan perusahaan manufakturing di luar negri atau anak perusahaan oleh sebab itu, perusahaan multi nasyonal adalaH perusahaan yang berbasis
dalam sebuah negara dan mempunyai kegiatan produksi dan pemasaran di kuar negri
Sejal perang dunia keII,Perusahaan multi nasyonal tumbuh dengan cepat. nama-nama perusahaan dan produk prusahaan multinasyonal menjadi terlenal di pasar
dunia,(IBM),rOYAL,dutch shell,panasonic,coca-cola,umpamanya sekarang beroprasi di lebih dati 180 negara.
Perusahaan multi nasyonal, beroprasi di lingkungan bisnis yang rumit. sistem kebudayaan sosial,ekonomi,pokitik dan tehknologi berbeda antara satu negara
dengan negara-negara yang lain,untuk beroprasi dengan sukses,suatu perusahaan multinasyonal perlu mengerti dan menyenangi lingkungan bisnis dan luar negri